洋壳向陆壳下俯冲运动的流变学数学模型

洋壳向陆壳下俯冲是板块运动的一种基本形式,用数理方法研究它有助于深刻认识它的运动机制。考虑了地质体的流变性质,推导并建立了洋壳向陆壳下俯冲的流变学数学模型。     

日本东北大地震——大自然给人类上的又一课

作者介绍了2011年3月11日日本东北地区太平洋沿岸近海的M9.0特大地震的震后研究情况,日本列岛M8.0以上大地震发生的地球动力学背景、地理环境,大地震在东北太平洋沿岸地区、关东地区、东海道地区的活动历史以及对下一次东海地震发生时间的最新研究进展。最后总结了地震中长期预测的现状及相关基础研究应努力的方向,提出了在工程应用研究中应该避免的错误工作思路。     

雾灵山A型花岗岩系的矿物学特征及成因意义

雾灵山杂岩体由似斑状碱长正长岩及其中的岩石包体、碱性石英正长斑岩、碱性石英正长岩等岩石组成，是冀北地区白垩纪岩浆活动的代表。本文以岩相学工作为基础，讨论了这些岩石中主要造岩矿物的结晶顺序和共生关系，报道了它们的成分特点和演化趋势，推测了不同矿物结晶时的温度、压力、氧逸度、含水量等生成状态和条件，并探讨了由它们所反映出的岩浆演化历史、特点和岩石成因系列归属问题。     

东天山造山带区域变质作用及其构造环境研究

以活动论思想为指导，分析了东天山造山带区域变质作用的基本特征，成因类型，变质岩分带特征和特征矿和的组合的空间分规律，论证了大型断裂构造对区域变作用的同期制约和后期迭加改造作用，阐明了断裂区域变质作用在东天山普遍性以及断裂活动与变质变形，混合容化和花岗岩化作用之间的关系。最后对东天山变质岩带的板块构造环境和多期变质演化规律进行了探讨。     

龙门山造山带岩石圈演化的动力学模式

在对龙门山的构造变形、沉积环境、地层古生物、石油地质、遥感地质、地球物理、同位素地质等专题研究基础上,综合归纳出龙门山造山带岩石圈演化的动力学模式——为多层次、乡阶段、深层破裂控制浅层变形的陆内俯冲模式。它不同于A型俯冲带模式,也不同于阿尔卑斯碰撞型造山模式,而是具有中国特色的C型(中国型)俯冲造山模式。     

When and how did plate tectonics begin？ Theoretical and empirical considerations

Plate tectonics is the horizontal motion of Earth’s thermal boundary layer (lithosphere) over the convecting mantle (asthenosphere) and is mostly driven by lithosphere sinking in subduction zones. Plate tectonics is an outstanding example of a self organizing, far from equilibrium complex system (SOFFECS), driven by the negative buoyancy of the thermal boundary layer and controlled by dissipation in the bending lithosphere and viscous mantle. Plate tectonics is an unusual way for a silicate planet to lose heat, as it exists on only one of the large five silicate bodies in the inner solar system. It is not known when this mode of tectonic activity and heat loss began on Earth. All silicate planets probably experienced a short-lived magma ocean stage. After this solidified, stagnant lid behavior is the common mode of planetary heat loss, with interior heat being lost by delamination and “hot spot” volcanism and shallow intrusions. Decompression melting in the hotter early Earth generated a different lithosphere than today, with thicker oceanic crust and thinner mantle lithosphere; such lithosphere would take much longer than at present to become negatively buoyant, suggesting that plate tectonics on the early Earth occurred sporadically if at all. Plate tectonics became sustainable (the modern style) when Earth cooled sufficiently that decompression melting beneath spreading ridges made thin oceanic crust, allowing oceanic lithosphere to become negatively buoyant after a few tens of millions of years. Ultimately the question of when plate tectonics began must be answered by informa- tion retrieved from the geologic record. Criteria for the operation of plate tectonics includes ophiolites, blueschist and ultra-high pressure metamorphic belts, eclogites, passive margins, transform faults, paleomagnetic demonstration of different motions of different cratons, and the presence of diagnostic geochemical and isotopic indicators in igneous rocks. This record must be interpreted individually; I interpret the record to indicate a progression of tectonic styles from active Archean tectonics and magmatism to something similar to plate tectonics at ~1.9 Ga to sustained, modern style plate tectonics with deep subduction——and powerful slab pull——beginning in Neoproterozoic time.     

地幔柱的发生机制研究——以Ferrar为例

利用三维数值模拟方法,根据地幔对流控制方程,以180 Ma喷发的Ferrar大火成岩省(LIP)为例,在模型中引入Pangea超大陆、大型横波低速带(LLSVPs)和Pangea超大陆边缘的俯冲带,模拟地幔对流过程,研究其对应地幔热柱从地球内部热边界层(例如核幔边界)的生成过程,并讨论导致该地幔柱产生的相关因素.结果表...     

中祁连湟源群中片麻岩的岩石学成因及构造意义*

湟源群中的刘家台组为一套以长英质片麻岩为主,夹黑云变粒岩的低角闪岩相的中-深变质岩系。长英质片麻岩的原岩为酸性侵入岩体,其具有低CaO(1.80~1.85 wt%)、高SiO_2(68.78~71.58 wt%)和碱含量(Na_2O+K_2O=7.6~7.7 wt%)。样品相对富集轻稀土,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素,富集Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素,并且具有明显的Eu负异常(δEu=0.23~0.38)。它们最主要的特征是具有较高含量的高场强元素,使得Zr+Nb+Ce+Y=(402~420)×10~(-6)(ppm)[350×10~(-6)(ppm)],而10 000Ga/Al=3.2~3.3(2.6)。这些岩石地球化学特征表明这套片麻岩的原岩为A型花岗岩。单颗粒锆石U-Pb同位素测年获得的不一致曲线的上交点年龄1 124±29 Ma,属中元古代,比前人认为的湟源群形成时代古元古代要年轻。     

南海成因：岩石圈破裂与俯冲带相互作用新认识

 南海深部计划与国际大洋钻探航次取得了一系列创新进展与重大突破：1）发现南海陆缘岩石圈减薄之初未出现地幔蛇纹岩出露，且岩浆迅速出现；2）新提出南海不是“小大西洋”，而是“板缘张裂”盆地，与经典的大西洋型“板内张裂”陆缘模式不同；3）揭示南海受到俯冲带的强烈控制，提出俯冲诱发地幔上涌并影响南海岩浆活动。     

Occurrence of Neoproterozoic low-grade metagranite in the western Beihuaiyang zone,the Dabie orogen

Based on detailed field investigations and petrographic observations, we discovered Neoproterozoic-emplaced granite from the metavolcanics of the Dingyuan Formation in the western Beihuaiyang zone, the Dabie orogen. This study reports the results of zircon U-Pb dating and preliminary petrographic observations on two metagranite samples. The studied rocks experienced epidote-amphibolite facies metamorphism and strong structural deformation. Their U-Pb ages are 726 ± 6 and 758 ± 12 Ma, respectively, similar to those for the Luzhenguan complex in the eastern segment of the Beihuaiyang zone. In combination with previously determined 635 ± 5 Ma low-grade metagabbro, this study suggests the occurrence of at least two types of Neoproterozoic intrusive rocks in the Beihuaiyang zone, the northern margin of the South China Block (SCB): 726–758 Ma metagranite and 635 Ma metagabbro. These rocks occur within the metamorphosed Ordovician volcanic zone (originally named the Dingyuan Formation) and are in tectonic contact to each other, but they formed in different tectonic settings. The protolith ages for the Neoproterozoic low-grade metaigneous rocks are in good agreement not only with ages for two episodes of mid- and late-Neoproterozoic mafic and felsic magmatism in the Suizhou and Zaoyang area, Hubei Province, but also agree with protolith ages of ultrahigh-pressure metaigneous rocks in the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt. In view of their tectonic relationships to country rocks, it appears that these Neoproterozoic low-grade rocks are exotic and they may have been detached and scraped from subducting SCB crust in the early Triassic during the initial continental subduction, and thrusted over Paleozoic metamorphosed rocks in the southern margin of the North China Block during continental collision.